We develop a vertical differentiation model to analyze welfare implications of environmental policies in a competitive market with production and consumption heterogeneity. Consumers with heterogeneous preferences choose between non-green and certified green products, while producers with...

This paper examines the economic and political implications of two market-based policies, eco-certifications and emission taxes. We evaluate each policy's effects on the environment, investment in clean technology, and social welfare under imperfect competition. We find that eco-certification...