The importance of innovation for the economic performance of industrialized countries has been largely stressed … innovation, is the key parameter in determining sustained growth in a model with endogenous technological change. This paper … takles the extremely important task of identifying and estimating a "production function" of innovation for European regions …

We estimate the determinants of various types of product innovation. Knowledge spillovers from rivals have a positive … exert no such independent influence on drastic innovation activities. The results support the hypothesis that establishments …

The innovation activities of foreign subsidiaries have been identified as an important source of competitive advantage … foreignness). We derive potential stumbling blocks in the innovation process theoretically and argue that these materialize as … innovation activities in Germany from various sectors. We find that foreign-controlled firms are not challenged by liability of …