Income multipliers are commonly used in the valuation of income streams. All income dollars, however, are not alike …, and investors make distinctions based on the nature and source of the income. The income multiplier is adjusted for the … characteristics of the investment. The present study deals with major apartment buildings and concerns the estimation of income …

We develop an estimator of unreported income, perhaps due to tax evasion, that does not depend on as strict identifying …-employed underreport income whereas wage and salary workers do not is likely to fail in countries where employees are often paid under the … table or engage in corrupt activities. Assuming that evading individuals have a higher consumption-income gap than non …

We develop a novel estimator of unreported income, perhaps due to tax evasion, that does not depend on as strict …-employed underreport income whereas wage and salary workers do not is likely to fail in countries where employees are often paid under the … table or have a secondary source of self-employed income. Assuming that evading individuals have a higher consumption-income …