Productivity convergence among countries has been investigated extensively with mixed results. This paper extends the analysis to the firm level to shed light on the debate of convergence or non-convergence. We find productivity convergence among firms widely in Japan, in both manufacturing...

The way in which economist try to learn about economics responses, such as the effects of children on female labor supply, can be broken down into three steps: the consideration of information already available called a priori information, including inferences based on what economist believe...