Rapidly growing prison population in the U.S. has led to an upsurge of interest in discerning the impact of this costly increase on crime rates. Estimates of impact vary. We find that both higher levels of imprisonment and increases in labor force participation of women are related to...

This short paper investigates the path through the 1990s of the gender pay gap in a number of former communist countries of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The main findings are that the gender pay gap has not exhibited, in general, an upward tendency over the transitional period to which...

This short paper investigates the path through the 1990s of the gender pay gap in a number of former communist countries of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The main findings are that the gender pay gap has not exhibited, in general, an upward tendency over the transitional period to which...