Many empirical papers tested the theoretical predictions of Helpman, Melitz and Yeaple (HMY, 2004) which sorts firms at different internationalization states according to their productivity levels. While these papers ignore the fact, that the theoretical predictions of HMY only apply to firms...

Venture capital is assumed to play an important role for the commercialization of innovative ideas and the development of high-technology industries in a region. This paper deals with the regional distribution of venture capital and its explanation. Venture-backed firms are mostly located in...

Aufgrund der geringen Eigenkapitalausstattung junger, innovativer und schnell wachsender Unternehmen und erheblicher Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich des Erfolgs der geplanten Investitionen scheidet eine Finanzierung mittels Fremdkapital oftmals aus oder erfolgt nicht in dem Umfang, den die...

The paper deals with the analysis of causal effects of venture capital finance for start-ups founded between 1991 and 1998 in Germany. The number of venture-backed firms is based on the identification of involvements of venture capitalists in firms. All venture capital companies are considered,...

The paper deals with the question which determinants can explain regional differences in the number of start-ups in Austrian and Western German districts when observing the business related service sector. We separate our sample in firms operating in knowledge intensive sectors and start-ups...