This paper studies how imposing norms on contribution behavior affects individuals' intrinsic motivation. We consider … an urban area in Germany where the Catholic Church collects a local church levy as a charitable donation, despite the … fact that the levy is legally a tax. In cooperation with the church, we design a natural randomized field experiment with …

. Given recent interest in theories of reciprocity and intrinsic motivation and their implications for effort provision, the … neoclassical prediction seems less obvious today. To better understand the motivation of these workers, I estimate their labor … supply using a real effort experiment. Two results stand out. First, no one theory seems to fit the pooled data. On average …

, however, with a minority of workers report crowding in of motivation. Thus, the impact of performance pay might depend on the …

performance. We conduct a randomized field experiment on more than a thousand sixth graders in Swedish primary schools. Extrinsic … intrinsic motivation for students with low skills, while girls also respond less to rank-based incentives if tested with less …

contributions for the original citizens. As an empirical example, we employ Germany’s crime statistic in order to assess the … efficiency of the provision of police services at the state level. …