The transformed-data maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method for struc- tural credit risk models developed by Duan (1994) is extended to account for the fact that observed equity prices may have been contaminated by trading noises. With the presence of trading noises, the likelihood function...

A particle- lter based estimation method is developed for the stochastic volatility model with/without jumps and applied on the S&P 500 index value and the VIX term structure jointly. The model encompasses all mean-reverting stochastic volatility option pricing models with a constant elasticity...