The current paper has attempted to measure the effect of the positive and negative shocks of aggregate domestic consumption spending (ADCS) and technological innovation (TINN) on industrialisation in South Africa using the time-series data from 1980 to 2014. The ARDL estimations indicated that...

The objective of this research is to analyze the conceivable cointegration and direction of causality among the oil price, trade openness, foreign direct investment and the growth rate in Thailand, using the time series data from 1974 to 2018. In addition to these variables’ fiscal development...