This paper considers four competing propositions to explain the convex relationship between inventories and the cost-adjusted basis called the 'Working curve' - the convenience yield, the risk premium, data aggregation and the imbedded options value inherent to a futures contract. We use 70...

We conjecture that the forward puzzle may reflect career risks: when professional investors observe public danger signals about a currency, they require a premium for holding it. We find evidence of this in ERM rates. As deep discounts do signal danger, we next specify nonlinear variants of the...