Shadow economies have been defined as all currently unregistered economic activities that contribute to the officially calculated GDP. All countries do pay greater attention to the size of the shadow economy and the determinants of shadow economy has been an important policy goal in these...

Crime is an illness that attacks rights of individuals. It, therefore, interests everybody in a society. It is argued that as urbanization increases so does crime. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the determinants of crime in urban areas by using cross-sectional data. The...

This article provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between research and development (R&D) expenditures and economic growth, and determines whether this relationship differs with respect to the degree of development. In this regard, the study utilises data from 52 countries from 1996...