The aims of this paper are, firstly, to estimate the Italian shadow economy by means of a structural equation approach and, secondly, to verify the generality of the main criticisms about the reliability of the "MIMIC method" (or model approach) for this kind of analysis. Using the Italian...

Using an enhanced MIMIC method, this paper presents new and long-run estimates of the Informal Economy (IE) for 152 countries from 1997 to 2022. We address several limitations found in previous estimates of the IE, notably issues surrounding the missing values, time-invariant country...

In this paper the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD) approach (adjusted) is applied to estimate the size of the non-observed economy (NOE) in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the year 2001. The method proposed attempts to identify the structure of the NOE according to the reasons...

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between fiscal illusion and the shadow economy for 104 countries over the period 1989-2009. We argue that both unobservable phenomena are closely linked to each other, as the creation of a fiscal illusion may be helpful if governments...

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between fiscal illusion and the shadow economy for 104 countries over the period 1989-2009. We argue that both unobservable phenomena are closely linked to each other, as the creation of a fiscal illusion may be helpful if governments...