Shortfall aversion reflects the higher utility loss of spending cuts from a reference than the utility gain from similar spending increases. Inspired by Prospect Theory's loss aversion and the peak-end rule, this paper posits a model of utility from spending scaled by past peak-spending. In...

Shortfall aversion reflects the higher utility loss of spending cuts from a reference than the utility gain from similar spending increases. Inspired by Prospect Theory's loss aversion and the peak-end rule, this paper posits a model of utility from spending scaled by past peak-spending. In...

This paper studies how hedge fund activism impacts corporate innovation. Firms targeted by activists improve their innovation efficiency over the five-year period following hedge fund intervention. Despite a tightening in R&D expenditures, target firms increase innovation output, as measured by...

This study aims to explore the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in China from 1992 to 2018 using mixed frequency vector autoregressive model (MF-VAR). The MF-VAR model used in this paper does not go through any filtering procedure, and the variables with different...