's criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a …. Exploring factors that may explain the preventive effect of incarceration, we find the decline in crime is driven by individuals …

increase on crime rates. Estimates of impact vary. We find that both higher levels of imprisonment and increases in labor force … participation of women are related to significantly higher crime rate. The impact of female labor force participation is much larger …

associated with murder, assault, and motor vehicle theft. We also examine the effect of drop out on self-reported crime in the … differences in the probability of arrest or incarceration conditional on crime. We estimate that the externality of education is … in the form of externalities from crime reduction …