, however, with a minority of workers report crowding in of motivation. Thus, the impact of performance pay might depend on the …

This paper tests two hypotheses from the theory of elimination tournaments: (i) that uneven tournaments, where the … contestants are ex ante heterogeneous, entail lower effort exertion; this is a prediction from agency theory that has not been … underlies any agency theory about elimination tournaments, and has been empirically tested in other contexts. The evidence …

This paper studies how imposing norms on contribution behavior affects individuals' intrinsic motivation. We consider … baseline contribution behavior to measure individuals' intrinsic motivation and demonstrate that treatment effects differ … norm results in a significant crowd-out of intrinsic motivation. In contrast, strongly intrinsically motivated individuals …

. Given recent interest in theories of reciprocity and intrinsic motivation and their implications for effort provision, the … neoclassical prediction seems less obvious today. To better understand the motivation of these workers, I estimate their labor … supply using a real effort experiment. Two results stand out. First, no one theory seems to fit the pooled data. On average …