wages. Offshoring is negatively related to the prevalence of wage markups. This also holds for the intensity of wage markups …

increase of base wages, annualized as the dependent variable and four dichotomous variables for a specific union, the CPI and …

an increase in wages. Offshoring is negatively related to the prevalence of wage markups. This also holds for the …

representative German plant data for the years 1999-2016, we document that 70% of employers pay wages below the marginal revenue … product of labour and 30% pay wages above. We further find that the prevalence of wage mark-downs is significantly smaller … when organised labour is present and that the ratio of wages to the marginal revenue product of labour is significantly …

one-fifth of eastern German firms in the private sector paid wages that were higher than the collective contract wages … of the wage gap have been falling in recent years. One important explanation for firms paying higher wages can be found …

. The results suggest that works councils play a redistribution role in wages and a trust-building role in the other HRM …

average by 5%. They also indicate that productivity gains associated to upstreamness are shared almost equally between wages … and profits. However, upstreamness is found to be more beneficial for workers' wages in less competitive environments …