The share of a population living in urban areas, or urbanization, is both an important demographic, socio-economic phenomenon and a popular explanatory variable in macro-level models of energy and electricity consumption and their resulting carbon emissions. Indeed, there is a substantial,...

This paper analyzes data from 107 countries, spanning 1971-2009, and grouped into three income-based panels to determine the direction and sign of panel long-run causality between transport energy consumption per capita and real GDP per capita. The methods employed address heterogeneity and (at...

This paper expands on the panel GDP-energy cointegration modeling literature; it does so by using data disaggregated along sectoral lines and adjusting energy consumption for the quality of the energy source (e.g., electricity is of higher quality than oil, which is of higher quality than coal)...

Knowledge of the carbon emissions elasticities of income and population is important both for climate policy/negotiations and for generating projections of carbon emissions. However, previous estimations of these elasticities using the well-known STIRPAT framework have produced such wide-ranging...

By employing dynamic panel models we estimate the price and output elasticities of aggregate industrial electricity demand for OECD and non-OECD countries. The unbalanced data span 1978-2016 and include 35 OECD/hi-income countries and 30 non-OECD/middle-income countries, and our dynamic panel...

This paper tests for a sulfur Kuznets curve by examining the sulfur emissions per capita-GDP per capita relationship individually, for 25 OECD countries over 1950-2005 using a reduced-form, linear model that allows for multiple endogenously determined breaks. This approach addresses several...

This paper analyzes gasoline consumption per capita, income (GDP per capita), gasoline price, and car ownership per capita for a panel of OECD countries by employing panel unit root and cointegration testing, panel Dynamic and Fully Modified OLS estimations, and panel Granger-causality tests....

This paper combines two aggregate production function models — one with urbanization as a shift factor and one that includes energy/electricity consumption and physical capital — to estimate the macro-level relationship among urbanization, energy/electricity consumption, and economic growth...

This paper analyzes whether temperature changes influence economic growth in the contiguous 48 US states by employing panel methods that address both heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. Ultimately, it is determined that the negative effect of warming (proxied by cooling degree days) is...

Understanding the income/GDP and price elasticities of electricity demand is important for forecasting demand and evaluation of the potential impact of policies. Yet, there has been little work on this topic that focuses on countries outside the OECD. We employ a new database of cross-country...