Solution (WITS), and selection bias from dropping tariffs when no trade is recorded. I develop a novel interpolation algorithm …

Many studies use tariffs to measure changes in trade policy. This paper shows that standard sources for tariffs suffer … from substantial measurement error due to misreporting and the resulting false imputation: Countries fail to report tariffs … every year and missing data are more prevalent for preferential than for most favored nation (MFN) tariffs. WITS, the main …

import tariffs on a destination market are associated with less pricing-to-market, whereas non-tariff measures are associated …