We compare the FX exposure estimates of four empirical models that differ only in the choice of control variable. We use a large sample of U.S. equities (19,100) over a long time span (1980-2011). We find a much higher percentage of statistically significant FX exposure estimates with a bond...

To estimate foreign exchange (FX) cash flow exposure, one may choose between direct and indirect regression approaches, where the direct approach uses accounting-based cash flow data and the indirect approach uses equity returns as a cash flow proxy. The indirect approach typically includes one...