Investors recently are really concerned about the risk aspects associated with the investment in securities. Volatility calculation, therefore, has become an important aspect in the financial markets. For these reasons time series models are greatly used to forecast volatility. One such model is...

In this Perspective, I evaluate a common specification of econometric models of broadband adoption. Specifically, I consider the use of broadband plus dial-up connections, either lagged or contemporaneous, as a measure of market maturity. The variable is a model mispecification in that it...

The fundamental problem of external validity is not to generalize from one experiment, so much as to experimentally test generalizable theories. That is, theories that explain the systematic variation of causal effects across contexts. Here we show how the graphical language of causal diagrams...

There is a widespread belief among economists that adding additional variables to a regression model causes higher standard errors. This note shows that, in general, this belief is unfounded and that the impact of adding variables on coefficients’ standard errors is unclear. The concept of...

This paper summarizes and assesses several of the most popular methods to seasonally adjust weekly data. The industry standard approach, known as X-13ARIMA-SEATS, is suitable only for monthly or quarterly data. Given the increased availability and promise of non-traditional data at higher...

This paper studies performance of synthetic ratio estimator and composite estimator, which is a weighted sum of direct and synthetic ratio estimators, under Lahiri–Midzuno (L-M) sampling scheme. Both the estimators under L-M scheme are unbiased and consistent if the assumption of synthetic...

Multiple regression is frequently used across the various social sciences to analyze cross-sectional data. However, it can often times be challenging to justify the assumption of common regression coefficients across all respondents. This manuscript presents a heterogeneous Bayesian regression...

Fractional dependent variables and models with state dependence arise in many economic applications. However, estimating models with fractional dependent variables is complicated by the presence of two corner solution outcomes. When coupled with a dynamic panel data setting, estimating...