stochastic approximation schemes and inexact Newton methods. Building on these results, we put forward a new optimization scheme …

important in spatial econometrics, where spatial interaction and structure are introduced into regression analysis. Because of … intractable by standard numerical methods, and, consequently, robust and efficient optimization techniques are needed. In the case … of simple general spatial regressive models (GSRMs), standard local optimization methods, such as Newton …

simplified problems might not be satisfying. A different approach consists in applying optimization heuristics such as … standard in several fields of sciences, their use in estimation and modelling in econometrics appears to be still limited. We … present an introduction to heuristic optimization methods and provide some examples for which these methods are found to work …