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We argue that gamma discounting (Weitzman, 2001) can be understood as a veridical approach to combining experts' forecasts, in which experts are treated as either right or wrong and are weighted equally in pursuit of the 'true' forecast. More appropriate is the optimal-seeking approach in which...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013138211
This paper investigates the technical inefficiency, shadow price and substitution elasticity of CO2 emissions of China based on a provincial panel for 2001-2010. Using linear programming to calculate a quadratic parameterized directional output distance function, we show that China’s technical...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010211750
Drawing on a panel of German survey data spanning 1997-2013, this paper identifi es the correlates of non-recreational bicycling, focusing specifically on the roles of bicycle paths and fuel prices. Our approach conceptualizes ridership as a two stage decision process comprising the discrete...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011517998
International offset certificates trade at lower prices than European Union Allowances (EUAs), although they are substitutes within the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) for CO2. Firms therefore had a strong incentive to use the cheaper certificates. However, a considerable number of firms...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011373905
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000991387
In our analysis we discuss several dynamic panel data estimators proposed in the literature and assess their performance in Monte Carlo simulations. It is a well known fact that the natural choice, the least squares dummy variable estimator is biased in the context of dynamic estimation. The...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10001751405
This paper performs a comparative analysis of estimation as well as of out-of-sample forecasting results of more than 20 estimators common in the panel data literature using the data on migration to Germany from 18 source countries in the period 1967-2001. Our results suggest that the choice of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003053134
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10002753436
This note examines general variance-covariance structures for the specific effects and the overall error term in a two-way error component (EC) model. So far panel data literature has considered these general structures in a one-way model and followed the approach of a Cholesky-type...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014175017
A model for matched data with two types of unobserved heterogeneity is considered one related to the observation unit, the other to units to which the observation units are matched. One or both of the unobserved components are assumed to be random. This mixed model allows identifi cation of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014177349