Simultaneity represents a fundamental problem when estimating the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour. To overcome this problem, a wide variety of external instruments has been applied in the literature. However, the use of instruments may lead to wrong inference if they are...

In a seminal paper, Feenstra (1994) developed an instrumental variable estimator which is becoming increasingly popular for estimating demand elasticities. Soderbery (2015) extended this estimator and created a routine which was shown to be more robust to data outliers when the number of time...

This paper introduces a panel GMM framework for identifying and estimating demand elasticities via heteroscedasticity. While existing panel estimators address the simultaneity problem, the state-ofthe-art Feenstra/Soderbery (F/S) estimator suffers from inconsistency, inefficiency, and lacks a...