Credit value adjustment (CVA) and related charges have emerged as important risk factors following the Global Financial Crisis. These charges depend on uncertain future values of underlying products, and are usually computed by Monte Carlo simulation. For products that cannot be valued...

We analyze the primal-dual upper bound method and prove that its bias is inversely proportional to the number of paths in sub-simulations for a large class of cases. We develop a methodology for estimating and reducing the bias. We present numerical results showing that the new technique is...

We compute first and second-order sensitivities of functions simulated by rejection techniques. The methodology is to perform a measure change on every acceptance test, so that the pathwise discontinuities resulting from the rejection decisions are removed. The change of measure is chosen to be...