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As long as it is employed cautiously enough, the model approach is a useful tool to estimate simultaneously the size and the development of the shadow economy in several countries. However, a second method is necessary to calibrate the model. The currency demand approach can lead to highly...
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, resulting in an improved estimation method to identify and tackle shadow transactions and increase public revenues. …
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In this paper, first, six micro (4) and macro (2) estimation approaches are briefly described; they are the National …. Second, a detailed comparison of the results of four micro estimation methods with the macro MIMIC method are presented. One … about the reasons that individuals work in the shadow economy, and which estimation methods are best suited to apply this …
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