At a time when the EU attempts to reduce the negative impact of transport on the environment, meeting demand for long distance travel becomes more and more problematic. To address this problem, the EU and several national governments have opted for a revitalization of European railways and the...

Purpose This chapter provides a critical discussion of air to rail mode substitution. Environmental impacts, intermodal competition and integration are considered, examining advantages and disadvantages as well as opportunities and constraints. Originality Both operation and life-cycle analysis...