This paper aims to examine the extent to which the introduction and tightening of transfer pricing framework deters income shifting strategies by European multinational companies. To do so, we have built an index which measures the transfer pricing framework strictness by host country and year....

Although some studies recently address the association between COVID-19 sentiment and returns, volatility, or stock trading volume, no one conducts an analysis to measure the impact of investor rationality or irrationality on the influence on countries and sectors' returns.This work creates a...