Since 2005, all European Union listed firms must comply with IFRS. The resulting mandatory changes in accounting methods have substantially affected reported earnings predictions. Using the FactSet/JCF database that collects 2005 earnings forecasts under both IFRS and local GAAP for European...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the European Union reduced earnings manipulation, as proxied by the difference between a firm's reported earnings and ex post estimate of earnings by financial...

When the source of external capital for Continental European firms is examined, debt markets have historically supplied a much larger percentage of the external capital than equity markets, and firms rely much more on bank debt than bonds for their external funds. In this environment banks have...