sources of knowledge (ISK) as innovation performance drivers. Thus, context-led views such as the innovative milieux approach …, innovation systems literature and the knowledge spillover view have tended to focus on diverse, informal and location …-facilitated sources of knowledge. Meanwhile, firm-led perspectives such as the innovator networks approach and the open innovation model …

questioning the view that R&D (and formal knowledge in general) equates innovation and innovation equates regional growth. We … several knowledge and innovation indicators, ranging from R&D expenditures, patent data, to newly released data on different … possible different attitudes and patterns of innovation that we control for, such as regional preconditions for knowledge and …

Since the Lisbon agenda in 2000, Europe stated the goal to become the most advanced knowledge economy in the world … presence of localized externalities in the knowledge accumulation process, this policy may produce distortive and unwanted … average level of knowledge activity accompanied by a huge degree of internal territorial disparity. The aim of this paper is …