After rapidly cutting short-term interest rates to their effective lower bounds during the financial crisis of 2008–09, central banks in the USA and UK turned to quantitative easing (QE) in order to sustain aggregate demand and avoid a Japanese style deflationary spiral. The European...

This paper analyzes whether the Lender of Last Resort function has changed in consequence of the recent Global Financial Crisis. The unprecedented emergency actions of the Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and the Bank of England are analyzed in terms of Walter Bagehot's traditional Lender...

The sovereign debt crisis has made it clear that central banking is more than keeping inflation low. Central banks are also responsible for financial stability. An essential tool in maintaining financial stability is provided by the capacity of the central bank to be the lender of last resort in...

The article analyses revolutionary changes of architecture of the European banking system - creation of the European Banking Union and related introduction of a common mechanism of supervision over banking systems of member countries, creation of a common European fund of guaranteed payment of...

This paper analyzes whether the Lender of Last Resort function has changed in consequence of the recent Global Financial Crisis. The unprecedented emergency actions of the Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and the Bank of England are analyzed in terms of Walter Bagehot's traditional Lender...

The sovereign debt crisis has made it clear that central banking is more than keeping inflation low. Central banks are also responsible for financial stability. An essential tool in maintaining financial stability is provided by the capacity of the central bank to be the lender of last resort in...

The prolonged crisis exposed the vulnerability of a monetary union without a banking union. The Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), which started operating in November 2014, is an essential step towards restoring banks to health and rebuilding trust in the banking system. The ECB is today...

Due to the international dimension of the financial sector within the EU and beyond, domestically oriented macroprudential policies have the potential to create material cross-border spillover effects. This occasional paper provides a detailed overview of the academic and empirical literature on...

Any discussion on improving the existing arrangements for assessing and managing financial risks and in particular supervising the relevant institutions will also need to address the question on which institution should be responsible for which task and for which sector of the financial system,...