The three essays of this dissertation contribute to the measurement of European economic integration and investigate the welfare effects of the European countries. The first study presents a newly developed index – the EU Index – which measures the extent of economic integration into the...

The aim of this article is to investigate services sectors' concentration in the European Union based on employment data and to disentangle the sector-specific developments and influential factors over time. We find that only the financial intermediation, retail trade and water transport sectors...

We investigate services sectors’ concentration and specialization patterns across the European member countries. Concentration and specialization are measured by Balassa indices, which in turn are constructed with employment data. In general, the tendency for the health and social sector is to...

The aim of this article is to investigate services sectors' concentration in the European Union based on employment data and to disentangle the sector-specific developments and influential factors over time. We find that only the financial intermediation, retail trade and water transport sectors...

The aim of this article is to investigate services sectors’ concentration based on employment data in the European Union and to disentangle the sector-specific developments and influential factors over time. We find that only the financial intermediation, retail trade and water transport...