This paper analyses the compliance patterns of the European fiscal rules of the public debt and budget deficit in a group of twelve Member States. The aim is to make a contrafactual analysis to the compliance of those rules from 2020 to 2022 in a hypothetical scenario without the Covid-19...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the Chinese foreign exchange policy on foreign trade with the European Union. After describing the importance of the exchange rate in an open economy and some of the methodologies employed to calculate its equilibrium value, we examine whether...

Financial crisis, as shown in this moment, can provoke great economic and social damage which hurts trade. The cost of essential financial service is getting higher than usual, while their availability is reduced, which is reflected indirectly through depressing aggregate demand. The most...

Since 2000 perspectives of European integration for the West Balkan countries became realistic. Long period of conflicts was finally behind and through Pact for Stability in South-East Europe the EU tries to provide political and other assistance for affected countries. The main goal is their...

This study aims to analyse the Portuguese economic policy of disinflation through a nominal stabilization policy of the Portuguese escudo. We study the pegging of the Portuguese escudo (PTE) to the Deutsch mark (DM) knowing the reputation of the Bundesbank for its anti- inflationary record and...

This paper deals with the impact of outsourcing from the EU27 to high and low income countries (defined as aggregates from the WIOD database) on employment demand and simultaneously on energy demand and air emissions. The analysis is based on a model of production (Translog cost function and...

EU climate policies advocate a shift towards green taxation. We address this issue in the context of tax on companies, focusing on the consequences for the cost of capital, the effective marginal tax rate and the effective average tax rate.We develop an indicator of effective green taxation...

For a long time European gas markets used to be dominated by `national champions', vertically integrated firms, controlling imports, transit lines and distribution networks. In its drive to create a common market, the EU commission is trying to overcome this fragmentation by liberalizing...