In this paper, we use a structural vector autoregression model to identify and compare demand and supply shocks between euro area countries and central and eastern European countries (CEECs). The shocks and the shock adjustment dynamics of these countries are also compared to EU countries that...

The decline in the use of cash and the emergence of innovative digital payment systems have prompted the ECB, like many other central banks, to consider introducing its currency in digital form. The technological problems of introducing a digital euro do not appear unsurmountable. However, one...