cash by households. This paper presents an estimation of the number and value of cash transactions in all 19 euro area … that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the cash cycle and the payment system as a whole. Previous estimates of … the value of cash usage by households in the euro area date from 2008. Since then some central banks have carried out …

We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a … panel cointegration framework. Besides the traditional determinants of cash demand like transactions balances and … opportunity costs, we concentrate on cashless payments media as substitutes to cash payments and the role of the shadow economy …

- wide access to cash is fundamentally important for a healthy economy. In this study, three main research areas were …' payment choices; 3. underlying factors for holding cash in a wallet (i.e. for transactional purposes). Regression results for … income and education, or lower level of cash income are more likely to prefer and actually use electronic payment methods …

2011 stood at €2.3 billion; this corresponds to around 36% of the total volume of German (ie issued by the Deutsche … €2 coins. Only in the case of €2 coins has the cash stock held for transaction purposes made a significant contribution … method of determining the demand for this denomination. Given the overall weakness in the growth of the cash held for …

banknotes and take due account of other determinants of cash demand. We find a significant and positive relationship between the … cash demand equation including the shadow economy. …