Consumer inflation across the globe has rebounded during 2021, also as a result of supply side disruptions, one of which is the increase in freight costs. To elaborate on the relationship between inflation and shipping costs, we employ a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and use disaggregated...

In the aftermath of the European sovereign debt crisis (2009–2014), the management of expectations has risen in importance. However, policy responses have emphasized the management of fiscal spending without examining the impact changes in the business confidence have on the economy. This...

We examine the hypothesis that one of the fundamental factors behind the Euro Area (EA) crisis is the reversal of intra-EA capital flows between the ‘core' and ‘periphery' economies. We compile a data set on aggregate and disaggregate gross and net intra-EA flows between Germany and Greece,...