Badinger and Schiman (2023) use a narrative high-frequency analysis of news and financial markets to develop a small set of restrictions on the structural shocks of a VAR of the Euro area. Their approach does not uniquely identify a structural representation, so their results are based on the...

The economic crisis has laid open deficiencies in the construction of the European Economic and Monetary Union. At its foundation, it was assumed that monetary integration would reduce the likelihood of asymmetric shocks. The crisis shows, however, that endogenous mechanisms may even amplify...

This paper assesses whether or to what extent the macroeconomic imbalances, which emerged in the "North" and "South" of the European Monetary Union before the financial and economic crisis of 2008/09, are symmetric. Firstly, we calculate bilateral exports and imports between all EU member...