Wheat plant architecture has been continually evolving over the past many years primarily in response to increase in the yield potential. One of the most important factors for improvement in the wheat yield potential was the use of Rht genes in the early 1960s. Use of rye chromatin is a...

This paper shows how agent-based stochastic approaches can provide a complementary and more flexible approach to study investment incentives and price dynamics in a real options framework. We particularly study the case of two-stage production chains in which one sector produces an intermediate...

A large number of cities around the world today owe their land use growth to the rapid development of industrial areas. The spatial structure of industrial distribution in cities shape urban spatial morphology linking with land use, transportation, economic activities, and housing. Meanwhile,...

When using gentic and evolutionary algorithms (GEAs) for the optimal communication spanning problem, the design of a suitable tree network encoding is crucial for finding good solutions. The link and node biased (LNB) encoding represents the structure of a tree network using a weighted vector...

This paper adresses the optimization of telecommunication networks for a multi-period horizon. Four heuristics are presented to cope with the problem to minimize the overall costsfor a network over several periods. For the minimization of cost we use a simple genetic algorithm (GE).[...]

This paper investigates how the use of redundant representations influences the performance ofgenetic and evolutionary algorithms. Representations are redundant if the number of genotypesexceeds the number of phenotypes. A distinction is made between synonymously and nonsynonymouslyredundant...

We develop an evolutionary algorithm to estimate Threshold Vector Error Correction models (TVECM) with more than two cointegrated variables. Since disregarding a threshold in cointegration models renders standard approaches to the estimation of the cointegration vectors inefficient, TVECM...