We analyze currency trading between custody banks and their client funds, a trading situation notable for extreme opacity and ongoing legal disputes about reputedly high markups. We propose a “shrouding” model of liquidity provision in which prices are set relative to the day’s extrema to...

This paper investigates how active price-contingent trading contributes to extreme returns even in the absence of news. Price-contingent trading, which is common across financial markets, includes algorithmic trading, technical trading, and dynamic option hedging. The paper highlights four...