The BIS effective exchange rate (EER) indices have been expanded and updated. The new indices cover 52 economies based on a consistent methodology, and reflect recent developments in global trade by using time-varying weighting patterns. The newly calculated indices have been made available to...

Discussion of exchange rate policy in Asia would benefit from appropriate measures of exchange rates on a multilateral basis. The purpose of this paper is to refine the construction of the effective exchange rates (EERs) for Asian economies, to make allowances for the role of Hong Kong SAR as an...

The interest in how financial conditions affect real economic activity has grown since the Great Financial Crisis (GFC), not least because some of the mechanisms at play in the financial sector may have changed. We shed light on this issue by examining the empirical relationship between global...