To estimate foreign exchange (FX) cash flow exposure, one may choose between direct and indirect regression approaches, where the direct approach uses accounting-based cash flow data and the indirect approach uses equity returns as a cash flow proxy. The indirect approach typically includes one...

This text is designed for use in a course in an applied international corporate finance for managers and executives. Instead of the encyclopedic approach, the text focuses on the two main issues of interest to managers who deal with overseas operations. The first main issue is how uncertain...

Empirical reports of priced foreign exchange (FX) risk raise the question of whether managers should adjust their cost of equity estimates for FX risk. To study this question, we empirically compare the cost of equity estimates of several risk-return models, including some that have explicit FX...

In interactive trilateral foreign exchange (FX) exposure, a company's exposures to two foreign currencies depend on the two currencies' FX rate with each other. This study uses scenario analysis to get a better understanding of interactive FX exposure and potential financial hedging solutions. A...

Financial statements do not accurately reflect the impact of foreign exchange movements on a firm's economic value, particularly if foreign currency debt or derivatives are used to hedge long-term economic exposure. To help analysts and investors interpret financial reporting in this area, this...