The optimization of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is one of the key elements for increasing the efficiency of combined plants. According to the current technical practice, it can be organized at different levels of complexity with objectives sequentially defined: operating parameters,...

Exergy has proved to be a useful tool to analyze and optimize the design and operation of many systems. Some studies on helium refrigerators and liquefiers based on exergy are available in literature. In this paper, systematic evaluation of important operating and geometric parameters has been...

This paper carried out the thermodynamic and economic optimizations of a subcritical ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) using a pure or a zeotropic mixture working fluid. Two pure organic compounds, i.e. n-pentane and R245fa, and their mixtures with various concentrations were used as ORC working fluid...

In a typical cement producing procedure, 25% of the total energy used is electricity and 75% is thermal energy. However, the process is characterized by significant heat losses mainly by the flue gases and the ambient air stream used for cooling down the clinker (about 35%–40% of the process...

The Kalina split-cycle is a thermodynamic process for converting thermal energy into electrical power. It uses an ammonia–water mixture as a working fluid (like a conventional Kalina cycle) and has a varying ammonia concentration during the pre-heating and evaporation steps. This second...

This paper presents the system efficiency optimization scenarios of basic and regenerative supercritical ORCs (organic Rankine cycles) using low-GWP (global warming potential) organic compounds as working fluid. A more common refrigerant, i.e. R134a, was also employed to make the comparison. A...

In order to evaluate the energy utilization efficiency of gasoline engine and predict the recovery potential for waste heat energy, energy distribution and waste heat energy characteristics of a naturally aspirated gasoline engine have been studied by combining the methods of energy and exergy...