We study environments in which agents are randomly matched to play a Prisoner's Dilemma, and each player observes a few of the partner's past actions against previous opponents. We depart from the existing related literature by allowing a small fraction of the population to be commitment types....

We propose a new explanation of the endowment effect. The value of exchanged goods is uncertain. Specifically, the value is assumed to be ambiguous, represented by a set of probability distributions over possible values. Ambiguity averse agents (maxmin expected utility maximisers) set WTA and...