, targets can bluff in order to deter coercion attempts. I find that while sanctions are a weakly dominant tool of influence … committing to a certain course of action for the entire duration of interaction. Moreover, using rewards and sanctions in …

the wake of sanctions and counter-sanctions, and that Russia has since lost importance as a trading partner. In an … reflected in overall trade. German heavyweights in the "mechanical engineering" or "pharmaceuticals" sectors have above …-average shares in Russia, but there is no critical dependence on Russian exports. The Achilles' heel in German trade with Russia …

sanctions in 2014 and identify the degree and shape of vulnerability of German trade with respect to these two markets on the …, including financial and trade relations. This policy brief analyzes a new firm-level dataset for Germany to examine the … extensive margin and the intensive margin. So far, recovery effects have been observed merely for German-Ukrainian trade. Within …

' response in the shape of several packages of economic and financial sanctions. This policy report investigates and compares the … warfare'. Based on an analysis of the opportunities and challenges at various phases of the 'sanctions policy cycle', the …; iii) a more coherent integration of trade, defence, and security experts into EU decision-making processes; iv) a more …

neutral countries. German trade with China would have to be entirely rerouted to countries within the "Western" block and …-sector model of the world economy. The key finding is that a total cut-off of trade relations with China would have severe but not …") would incur smaller costs. The single most influential assumption relates to the "trade elasticity,", i.e., the ease and …

neutral countries. German trade with China would have to be entirely rerouted to countries within the "Western" block and …-sector model of the world economy. The key finding is that a total cut-off of trade relations with China would have severe but not …") would incur smaller costs. The single most influential assumption relates to the "trade elasticity,", i.e., the ease and …

Russian economy was able to withstand the pressure from unprecedented package of international sanctions. First, it shows that … costs. Thus, sanctions had a much smaller impact on Russia than they would have on an economy with larger manufacturing …

the far-reaching sanctions Iran has been subject to since the US withdrew from the nuclear agreement make it difficult for …