A country's inability to export to its potential is a reflection of institutional and infrastructural impediments and rigidities that exist at home as well as in its trading partners. Distinguishing these rigidities as ‘behind the border’ factors and ‘beyond the border’ factors,...

Studies, which have discussed some of the important issues concerning the measurement of trade costs, have conceded that the literature is still in the early stages of understanding and measuring what the real costs are. It is in this context, decomposing trade costs into ‘natural’ costs,...