At the period-end of Q1 2020, the federal budget ran a slight surplus, however it was a temporary result because oil and gas revenues go into the budget in a timely manner and they record a downturn against Q1 2019. Non-oil and gas revenues although went up but that was due to the fact that they...

According to the results of H1 2021, the federal budget revenues exceeded the level of 2019, hitting 20.9% of GDP. The main contribution to this outcome was made by an increase in VAT receipts, primarily due to an increase in the consumption of nonfood products with a slight increase in the...

Coronavirus pandemic, collapse of the OPEC+ deal and subsequent world crude oil plummet adversely affected the real oil and gas revenue of the federal budget in March 2020. The economy has slipped into recession, which can result in a reduction of oil and gas revenue for the federal budget. The...

This paper investigates the effects of the political distance between European Commissioners and heads of government on the allocation of funds flowing from the European Union to EU member states. The EU's agricultural and regional budgets offer two particularly interesting case studies due to...