Firms always encounter risks in the process of production, distribution and marketing due to the structure of the firms, market conditions, or some unforeseen circumstances such as natural catastrophe. Instruments have been developed to help firms deal with such risks, and futures contracts are...

In this research, the noise trader sentiment model of De Long, Schleifer, Summers, and Waldmann is modified and applied to futures markets. The theoretical model predicts that overly optimistic (pessimistic) noise traders result in futures prices that are greater (less) than fundamental value....