The on-going debate over whether fund managers have skills and whether those skills are short-lived is still inconclusive. Using the performance measure that can't be manipulated with respect to the underlying distribution, time variation, nor estimation error, (the manipulation-proof...

As a visual mode of analysis is more intuitive to human cognition than algebraic numbers, we propose that the visual pattern of historical prices is a salient signal that attracts attention; thereby inducing overreaction. We construct a long-short portfolio, including the stocks that are more...