The authors present empirical evidence of how family ownership and control affect the demand for audit quality measured by audit firm size in a sample of small private firms. The results indicate that family-held or family-controlled firms are less likely to use Big 4 auditors than non-family...

This study examines the role of auditors and monitoring banks in the tax aggressiveness of private firms. We use a unique data set of private SMEs in Finland where book-tax alignment is high and the auditing of private firms (exceeding a low threshold) is mandatory. We add to the existing...

This study investigates whether managerial ownership related agency costs are associated with the demand for audit quality in a sample of small private firms. The literature on audit quality suggests that firms with high agency costs are more likely to demand audit quality. Our database enables...

This paper investigates whether there are differences in cosmetic earnings management between firms audited by male vs. female auditors. A number of previous studies have documented that listed firms around the world engage in cosmetic earnings management. This paper is the first one to document...