Banking/financial crises have occurred in countries at all levels of income and in all parts of the world. These crises not only occur too frequently, but also are too costly. Countries everywhere therefore have enacted laws that established regulatory authorities with responsibility to...

This paper examines the degree of interdependence between national stock market returns for 17 advanced economies and the United States for various sub-periods from January 1973 to February 2009. The examination is based on time-series techniques including both single equation (ordinary least...

Big is bad. At least that has become the view of many individuals about big banks ever since the financial crisis of 2007-2009. The fear is that if a big bank gets into trouble, its problems will infect other financial institutions and threaten the entire economy. Historically, however, big...

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, U.S. authorities are attempting to improve financial regulation and supervision. This involves a three-step process: (1) diagnosis of what went wrong, (2) design regulatory and supervisory reforms that address these defects, and (3) implement the...