We look at a wide range of national and international crises to identify banks' exposures to losses during banking crises. We find that banks generally sustain greater losses on corporate loans than on household loans. Even after sharp falls in house prices, losses on household loans were often...

Net lending varies considerably over time and contributed to lower household saving prior to both the banking crisis and Global Financial Crisis (GFC), but to higher household saving during the pandemic. Net lending is defined as transactions in financial assets, such as bank deposits and...

Since 2013, Norwegian banks have been required to hold a systemic risk buffer (SyRB) of 3 percent. The reason for the buffer is to address structural vulnerabilities in the economy and the financial system. The Ministry of Finance has proposed an increase in the buffer requirement to 4.5...